❶ 求以下sql語句意思
create
table
sc--創建名為"sc"數據表
(
snum
varchar(4),
cnum
varchar(4),
--分別創建名為"snum"長度為4個字元,數據類型為"varchar"的欄位、創建名為"cnum
"長度為4個字元,數據類型為"varchar"的欄位
score
decimal(4,1),
--創建名為"score"有效長度為4小數位佔1位的欄位
例如，插入數據「12.3」、「12」等會出現「數據溢出錯誤」的異常；插入「1.23」或「1.2345...」會自動四捨五入成「1.2」；插入「2」會自動補成「2.0」，以確保2位的有效長度，其中包含1位小數。
constraint
pk_sc
primary
key(snum,cnum),--
創建名為"pk_sc"的主鍵(其中包括"snum"和"cnum"欄位)
constraint
fk_sc_snum_student
foreign
key(snum)references
student,--
創建名為"fk_sc_snum_student"
的外鍵關聯,本表(作為從表)的"snum"欄位關聯(如不明確指出主表的引用欄位時,則視為主表的主鍵)到student(作為主表)
constraint
fk_sc_cnum_cource
foreign
key(cnum)references
course,
--同上,只是關聯的欄位不一樣罷了
constraint
ck_sc_score
check
(score
between
0
and
100)
--創建名為"ck_sc_score
check"的條件約束,
滿足條件為"score
"欄位大於0(包含0)且小於100(並不包含100在內)
)
大概就是這樣了、當然這只是我個人的理解、、、
祝你好運、、、
❷ 請問sql語句「Select Distinct」是什麼意思可不可以講一下它的用法
Select Distinct的意思是查找重復的意思，在SQL語句中的作用是過濾結果集中的重復值。
在表中，可能會包含重復值，關鍵詞 DISTINCT 用於返回唯一不同的值，語法為
SELECT DISTINCT 列名稱 FROM 表名稱。
如果要從 "Company" 列中選取所有的值，我們需要使用 SELECT 語句，語句如下：
SELECT Company FROM Orders
❸ SQL語句是什麼意思
定義
：sql
語句就是對資料庫進行操作的一種語言。
幾個簡單的基本的sql語句:選擇：select
*
from
table1
where
范圍
插入：insert
into
table1(field1,field2)
values(value1,value2)
刪除：delete
from
table1
where
范圍
更新：update
table1
set
field1=value1
where
范圍
查找：select
*
from
table1
where
field1
like
』%value1%』
（所有包含『value1』這個模式的字元串）---like的語法很精妙，查資料!
排序：select
*
from
table1
order
by
field1,field2
[desc]
總數：select
count(*)
as
totalcount
from
table1
求和：select
sum(field1)
as
sumvalue
from
table1
平均：select
avg(field1)
as
avgvalue
from
table1
最大：select
max(field1)
as
maxvalue
from
table1
最小：select
min(field1)
as
minvalue
from
table1[separator]
❹ 資料庫常用sql語句有哪些
資料庫常用sql語句有哪些
SQL語句有哪些？SQL語句無論是種類還是數量都是繁多的，很多語句也是經常要用到的，下文我為大家分享的就是SQL的常用語句，僅供參考！
50個常用的sql語句
Student(S#,Sname,Sage,Ssex) 學生表
Course(C#,Cname,T#) 課程表
SC(S#,C#,score) 成績表
Teacher(T#,Tname) 教師表
問題：
1、查詢“001”課程比“002”課程成績高的所有學生的學號；
select a.S# from (select s#,score from SC where C#='001') a,(select s#,score
from SC where C#='002') b
where a.score>b.score and a.s#=b.s#;
2、查詢平均成績大於60分的同學的學號和平均成績；
select S#,avg(score)
from sc
group by S# having avg(score) >60;
3、查詢所有同學的學號、姓名、選課數、總成績；
select Student.S#,Student.Sname,count(SC.C#),sum(score)
from Student left Outer join SC on Student.S#=SC.S#
group by Student.S#,Sname
4、查詢姓“李”的老師的個數；
select count(distinct(Tname))
from Teacher
where Tname like '李%';
5、查詢沒學過“葉平”老師課的同學的學號、姓名；
select Student.S#,Student.Sname
from Student
where S# not in (select distinct( SC.S#) from SC,Course,Teacher where SC.C#=Course.C# and Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Teacher.Tname='葉平');
6、查詢學過“001”並且也學過編號“002”課程的同學的學號、姓名；
select Student.S#,Student.Sname from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and SC.C#='001'and exists( Select * from SC as SC_2 where SC_2.S#=SC.S# and SC_2.C#='002');
7、查詢學過“葉平”老師所教的所有課的同學的學號、姓名；
select S#,Sname
from Student
where S# in (select S# from SC ,Course ,Teacher where SC.C#=Course.C# and Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Teacher.Tname='葉平' group by S# having count(SC.C#)=(select count(C#) from Course,Teacher where Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Tname='葉平'));
8、查詢課程編號“002”的成績比課程編號“001”課程低的所有同學的學號、姓名；
Select S#,Sname from (select Student.S#,Student.Sname,score ,(select score from SC SC_2 where SC_2.S#=Student.S# and SC_2.C#='002') score2
from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and C#='001') S_2 where score2 <score;
9、查詢所有課程成績小於60分的同學的學號、姓名；
select S#,Sname
from Student
where S# not in (select Student.S# from Student,SC where S.S#=SC.S# and score>60);
10、查詢沒有學全所有課的同學的學號、姓名；
select Student.S#,Student.Sname
from Student,SC
where Student.S#=SC.S# group by Student.S#,Student.Sname having count(C#) <(select count(C#) from Course);
11、查詢至少有一門課與學號為“1001”的同學所學相同的同學的學號和姓名；
select S#,Sname from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and C# in select C# from SC where S#='1001';
12、查詢至少學過學號為“001”同學所有一門課的其他同學學號和姓名；
select distinct SC.S#,Sname
from Student,SC
where Student.S#=SC.S# and C# in (select C# from SC where S#='001');
13、把“SC”表中“葉平”老師教的課的成績都更改為此課程的平均成績；
update SC set score=(select avg(SC_2.score)
from SC SC_2
where SC_2.C#=SC.C# ) from Course,Teacher where Course.C#=SC.C# and Course.T#=Teacher.T# and Teacher.Tname='葉平');
14、查詢和“1002”號的同學學習的課程完全相同的其他同學學號和姓名；
select S# from SC where C# in (select C# from SC where S#='1002')
group by S# having count(*)=(select count(*) from SC where S#='1002');
15、刪除學習“葉平”老師課的SC表記錄；
Delect SC
from course ,Teacher
where Course.C#=SC.C# and Course.T#= Teacher.T# and Tname='葉平';
16、向SC表中插入一些記錄，這些記錄要求符合以下條件：沒有上過編號“003”課程的同學學號、2、
號課的平均成績；
Insert SC select S#,'002',(Select avg(score)
from SC where C#='002') from Student where S# not in (Select S# from SC where C#='002');
17、按平均成績從高到低顯示所有學生的“資料庫”、“企業管理”、“英語”三門的課程成績，按如下形式顯示： 學生ID,,資料庫,企業管理,英語,有效課程數,有效平均分
SELECT S# as 學生ID
,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#='004') AS 資料庫
,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#='001') AS 企業管理
,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#='006') AS 英語
,COUNT(*) AS 有效課程數, AVG(t.score) AS 平均成績
FROM SC AS t
GROUP BY S#
ORDER BY avg(t.score)
18、查詢各科成績最高和最低的分：以如下形式顯示：課程ID，最高分，最低分
SELECT L.C# As 課程ID,L.score AS 最高分,R.score AS 最低分
FROM SC L ,SC AS R
WHERE L.C# = R.C# and
L.score = (SELECT MAX(IL.score)
FROM SC AS IL,Student AS IM
WHERE L.C# = IL.C# and IM.S#=IL.S#
GROUP BY IL.C#)
AND
R.Score = (SELECT MIN(IR.score)
FROM SC AS IR
WHERE R.C# = IR.C#
GROUP BY IR.C#
);
19、按各科平均成績從低到高和及格率的百分數從高到低順序
SELECT t.C# AS 課程號,max(course.Cname)AS 課程名,isnull(AVG(score),0) AS 平均成績
,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN isnull(score,0)>=60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(*) AS 及格百分數
FROM SC T,Course
where t.C#=course.C#
GROUP BY t.C#
ORDER BY 100 * SUM(CASE WHEN isnull(score,0)>=60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(*) DESC
20、查詢如下課程平均成績和及格率的百分數(用"1行"顯示): 企業管理（001），馬克思（002），OO&UML （003），資料庫（004）
SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN C# ='001' THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN '001' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 企業管理平均分
,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '001' AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '001' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 企業管理及格百分數
,SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '002' THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN '002' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 馬克思平均分
,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '002' AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '002' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 馬克思及格百分數
,SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '003' THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN '003' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS UML平均分
,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '003' AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '003' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS UML及格百分數
,SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '004' THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN '004' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 資料庫平均分
,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '004' AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = '004' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 資料庫及格百分數
FROM SC
21、查詢不同老師所教不同課程平均分從高到低顯示
SELECT max(Z.T#) AS 教師ID,MAX(Z.Tname) AS 教師姓名,C.C# AS 課程ID,MAX(C.Cname) AS 課程名稱,AVG(Score) AS 平均成績
FROM SC AS T,Course AS C ,Teacher AS Z
where T.C#=C.C# and C.T#=Z.T#
GROUP BY C.C#
ORDER BY AVG(Score) DESC
22、查詢如下課程成績第 3 名到第 6 名的學生成績單：企業管理（001），馬克思（002），UML （003），資料庫（004）
[學生ID],[學生姓名],企業管理,馬克思,UML,資料庫,平均成績
SELECT DISTINCT top 3
SC.S# As 學生學號,
Student.Sname AS 學生姓名 ,
T1.score AS 企業管理,
T2.score AS 馬克思,
T3.score AS UML,
T4.score AS 資料庫,
ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0) as 總分
FROM Student,SC LEFT JOIN SC AS T1
ON SC.S# = T1.S# AND T1.C# = '001'
LEFT JOIN SC AS T2
ON SC.S# = T2.S# AND T2.C# = '002'
LEFT JOIN SC AS T3
ON SC.S# = T3.S# AND T3.C# = '003'
LEFT JOIN SC AS T4
ON SC.S# = T4.S# AND T4.C# = '004'
WHERE student.S#=SC.S# and
ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0)
NOT IN
(SELECT
DISTINCT
TOP 15 WITH TIES
ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0)
FROM sc
LEFT JOIN sc AS T1
ON sc.S# = T1.S# AND T1.C# = 'k1'
LEFT JOIN sc AS T2
ON sc.S# = T2.S# AND T2.C# = 'k2'
LEFT JOIN sc AS T3
ON sc.S# = T3.S# AND T3.C# = 'k3'
LEFT JOIN sc AS T4
ON sc.S# = T4.S# AND T4.C# = 'k4'
ORDER BY ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0) DESC);
23、統計列印各科成績,各分數段人數:課程ID,課程名稱,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[ <60]
SELECT SC.C# as 課程ID, Cname as 課程名稱
,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 85 AND 100 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [100 - 85]
,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 70 AND 85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [85 - 70]
,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 60 AND 70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [70 - 60]
,SUM(CASE WHEN score < 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [60 -]
FROM SC,Course
where SC.C#=Course.C#
GROUP BY SC.C#,Cname;
24、查詢學生平均成績及其名次
SELECT 1+(SELECT COUNT( distinct 平均成績)
FROM (SELECT S#,AVG(score) AS 平均成績
FROM SC
GROUP BY S#
) AS T1
WHERE 平均成績 > T2.平均成績) as 名次,
S# as 學生學號,平均成績
FROM (SELECT S#,AVG(score) 平均成績
FROM SC
GROUP BY S#
) AS T2
ORDER BY 平均成績 desc;
25、查詢各科成績前三名的記錄:(不考慮成績並列情況)
SELECT t1.S# as 學生ID,t1.C# as 課程ID,Score as 分數
FROM SC t1
WHERE score IN (SELECT TOP 3 score
FROM SC
WHERE t1.C#= C#
ORDER BY score DESC
)
ORDER BY t1.C#;
26、查詢每門課程被選修的學生數
select c#,count(S#) from sc group by C#;
27、查詢出只選修了一門課程的全部學生的學號和姓名
select SC.S#,Student.Sname,count(C#) AS 選課數
from SC ,Student
where SC.S#=Student.S# group by SC.S# ,Student.Sname having count(C#)=1;
28、查詢男生、女生人數
Select count(Ssex) as 男生人數 from Student group by Ssex having Ssex='男';
Select count(Ssex) as 女生人數 from Student group by Ssex having Ssex='女'；
29、查詢姓“張”的.學生名單
SELECT Sname FROM Student WHERE Sname like '張%';
30、查詢同名同性學生名單，並統計同名人數
select Sname,count(*) from Student group by Sname having count(*)>1;;
31、1981年出生的學生名單(註：Student表中Sage列的類型是datetime)
select Sname, CONVERT(char (11),DATEPART(year,Sage)) as age
from student
where CONVERT(char(11),DATEPART(year,Sage))='1981';
32、查詢每門課程的平均成績，結果按平均成績升序排列，平均成績相同時，按課程號降序排列
Select C#,Avg(score) from SC group by C# order by Avg(score),C# DESC ;
33、查詢平均成績大於85的所有學生的學號、姓名和平均成績
select Sname,SC.S# ,avg(score)
from Student,SC
where Student.S#=SC.S# group by SC.S#,Sname having avg(score)>85;
34、查詢課程名稱為“資料庫”，且分數低於60的學生姓名和分數
Select Sname,isnull(score,0)
from Student,SC,Course
where SC.S#=Student.S# and SC.C#=Course.C# and Course.Cname='資料庫'and score <60;
35、查詢所有學生的選課情況；
SELECT SC.S#,SC.C#,Sname,Cname
FROM SC,Student,Course
where SC.S#=Student.S# and SC.C#=Course.C# ;
36、查詢任何一門課程成績在70分以上的姓名、課程名稱和分數；
SELECT distinct student.S#,student.Sname,SC.C#,SC.score
FROM student,Sc
WHERE SC.score>=70 AND SC.S#=student.S#;
37、查詢不及格的課程，並按課程號從大到小排列
select c# from sc where scor e <60 order by C# ;
38、查詢課程編號為003且課程成績在80分以上的學生的學號和姓名；
select SC.S#,Student.Sname from SC,Student where SC.S#=Student.S# and Score>80 and C#='003';
39、求選了課程的學生人數
select count(*) from sc;
40、查詢選修“葉平”老師所授課程的學生中，成績最高的學生姓名及其成績
select Student.Sname,score
from Student,SC,Course C,Teacher
where Student.S#=SC.S# and SC.C#=C.C# and C.T#=Teacher.T# and Teacher.Tname='葉平' and SC.score=(select max(score)from SC where C#=C.C# );
41、查詢各個課程及相應的選修人數
select count(*) from sc group by C#;
42、查詢不同課程成績相同的學生的學號、課程號、學生成績
select distinct A.S#,B.score from SC A ,SC B where A.Score=B.Score and A.C# <>B.C# ;
43、查詢每門功成績最好的前兩名
SELECT t1.S# as 學生ID,t1.C# as 課程ID,Score as 分數
FROM SC t1
WHERE score IN (SELECT TOP 2 score
FROM SC
WHERE t1.C#= C#
ORDER BY score DESC
)
ORDER BY t1.C#;
44、統計每門課程的學生選修人數（超過10人的課程才統計）。要求輸出課程號和選修人數，查詢結果按人數降序排列，查詢結果按人數降序排列，若人數相同，按課程號升序排列
select C# as 課程號,count(*) as 人數
from sc
group by C#
order by count(*) desc,c#
45、檢索至少選修兩門課程的學生學號
select S#
from sc
group by s#
having count(*) > = 2
46、查詢全部學生都選修的課程的課程號和課程名
select C#,Cname
from Course
where C# in (select c# from sc group by c#)
47、查詢沒學過“葉平”老師講授的任一門課程的學生姓名
select Sname from Student where S# not in (select S# from Course,Teacher,SC where Course.T#=Teacher.T# and SC.C#=course.C# and Tname='葉平');
48、查詢兩門以上不及格課程的同學的學號及其平均成績
select S#,avg(isnull(score,0)) from SC where S# in (select S# from SC where score <60 group by S# having count(*)>2)group by S#;
49、檢索“004”課程分數小於60，按分數降序排列的同學學號
select S# from SC where C#='004'and score <60 order by score desc;
50、刪除“002”同學的“001”課程的成績
delete from Sc where S#='001'and C#='001';
;