athad前端_前端开发的基本方法

A. CVT变速箱比传统AT变速箱省油吗为什么

从自动变速箱的类型来看油耗，CVT变速箱确实相对是比较省油的，还有双离合变速箱也是如此，而AT变速箱的油耗高不高得看是几AT，比如以前的4AT和现在主流的6AT，在油耗上比CVT确实要高一些，但是8AT、9AT实际上和CVT的油耗已经差不多了，这是由于变速箱的结构以及工作原理造成的。

综上所述，CVT变速箱之所以省油是因为可以做到无级变速，总能用最佳的挡位来行驶，由于现在8AT、10AT对应的挡位也不少了，所以同样会起到省油的作用，而CVT省油主要是与6AT、4AT相比，与8AT、10AT相比省油的优势就不明显了。

B. 英语中的had，was，were分别用在什么情况下

had是have的过去式就用在一般过去式的句子中eg:Ihadabeautifulwatch.

was是be动词is的过去式be动词一般都构成系表结构后面可以加形容词或者副词还可以加动词ing表示进行等等具体要看时态eg:Iwasalittlegirltenyearsago.十年前我是个小女孩。

were是are的过去式be动词分别是amisare第一人称单数后面接am第二人称单数,复数第三人称复数都用are(you是你,你们的意思）第三人称单数就用iseg:。

She had her portrait painted.

她让人给自己画了像。

He was fined 200 dollars.

他被罚款200美元。

He is, as it were, a walking dictionary.

他可说是个活字典。

C. 七年级下册英语语法归纳

七年级下册英语语法点总结(1)
七年级下册英语语法点总结(1)
分类：英语学习
Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?
一．短语：
1 ．be from = come from 来自于----
2． live in 居住在---
3． on weekends 在周末
4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人
5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国
6．pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目
7．the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约
8．speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎
9．go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动
二．重点句式：
1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little French.
6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon?
8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French
2 France------ French------French
3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese
4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English
6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish

Unit 2 Where’s the post office?
一． Asking ways: (问路)
1． Where is (the nearest) ……？（最近的）……在哪里？
2． Can you tell me the way to ……？你能告诉我去……的路吗？
3． How can I get to ……？我怎样到达……呢？
4． Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……吗？
5． Which is the way to ……？哪条是去……的路？
二．Showing the ways: （指路）
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。
3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。
5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。（You’d better+动词原形）
三．词组
1. across from …… 在……的对面 across from the bank 在银行的对面
2. next to…… 紧靠…… next to the supermarket 紧靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之间
between the park and the zoo 在公园和动物园之间
among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.
课室前面有棵树。
in the front of…… 在……（内）的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
课室内的前部有张桌子。
5. behind…… 在……后面 behind my house 在我家后面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右边 on the left of our school 在我们学校的左边
on one’s left/right 在某人的左/右边 on my left 在我左边
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along…… 沿着……（街道） down/along Center Street 沿着中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近
10 welcome to…… 欢迎来到……
11. take /have a walk 散步
12. the beginning of…… ……的开始,前端
at the beginning of…… 在……的开始,前端
in the beginning 起初，一开始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心，过得愉快
我昨天玩得很开心。 I had fun yesterday.
I had a good time yesterday.
I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快
15. take a taxi 坐出租车
16. 到达：get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到这/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17．go across 从物体表面横过 go across the street 横过马路
go through 从空间穿过 go through the forest 穿过树林
18．on + 街道的名称。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三．重难点解析
1．enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣，喜爱做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。
到目前为止，我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy，都是要带 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我扫完了这间屋子。
2．hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。
hope +从句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。
（从句即是一个小句子，这个小句子又放在大句子中，从属于大句子，所以叫从句。如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句，它又放在I hope 的后面，形成句中有句。）
3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱，我就会去月球。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.
如果你饿了的话，你可以在超市买一些食物。
四．本单元的反义词、近义词配对
1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small

Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
一．重点词组
eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute
play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals
at night in the day every day ring the day
二. 交际用语
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they’re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they’re kind of interesting.
3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.
4. What other animals do you like?
I like dogs, too.
Why?
Because they’re friendly and clever.
5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.
6. She’s very shy.
7. He is from Australia.
8．He sleeps ring the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
9．He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
10．Let’s see the pandas first.
11．They’re kind of interesting.
12．What other animals do you like?
13．Why do you want to see the lions?
三. 重点难点释义
1、kind of 有点，稍微
Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有点害羞。
kind 还有“种类”的意思
如：各种各样的 all kinds of
We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2、China n. 中国 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是专有名词，首字母都应该大写，而且和介词in连用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China.
There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的，和蔼可亲的
它是名词friend的形容词形式，常常和be动词连用, be friendly。
The people in Cheng are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟，同，和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意区别与and的用法，and通常用于连接主语或宾语，连接主语时，
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之后，如：
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with “和…一起玩耍”“玩…”
I often play with my pet dog.
Don’t play with water!
5、day和night 是一对反义词，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。
通常说in the day, ring the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep ring the day and eat leaves at night.
6、leaf n. 叶子
复数形式为：leaves, 类似的变化还有：wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives等。
7、hour n. 小时；点钟
hour前边通常加上冠词an 表示“一个小时”，即：an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 来自…
be from = come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. （食用的）肉，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修
饰，即：much meat
He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰，即：much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 语法知识
特殊疑问句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“how old”、“how many”等开头，对某一具体问题进行提问。
特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况：
1. 疑问句+一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如：
What’s your grandfather’s telephone number? 你爷爷的电话号码是多少？
Who is that boy with big eyes? 那个大眼睛的男孩是谁？
Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节？
When is he going to play the piano? 他什么时候弹钢琴？
Where does he live? 他住在哪儿？
How are you? 你好吗？
How old are you? 你多大了？
How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有几个兄弟姐妹？
2. 疑问句+陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如：
Who is on ty today?
今天谁值日？
Which man is your teacher?
哪位男士是你的老师？
我们学过的What/How about+名词/代词+其他？也是特殊疑问句，它是一种省略结构。
例如：
I like English. What/How about you? 我喜欢英语。你呢？
What about playing basketball? 打篮球怎么样？

Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一．短语：
1 want to do sth 想要作某事
2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物 / 把某物给某人
3 help sb do sth 帮助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
4 help sb with sth 帮助某人谋事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
5 in the day 在白天
6 at night 在晚上
7 talk with/ to sb 和----谈话
8 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.
9 in a hospital 在医院l
10 work/ study hard 努力工作
11 Evening Newspaper 晚报
二．重点句式及注意事项：
1 询问职业的特殊疑问词是what；有三种主要句式
① What + is / are + sb?
② What + does/ do + sb + do?
③ What + is/ are + 名词所有格/ 形容词性物主代词 + job?
2 People give me their money or get their money from me.
3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.
4 I like talking to people.
5 I work late. I’m very busy when people go out to dinners.
6 Where does your sister work?
7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.
8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.
9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?
10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.
三．本单元中的名词复数。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----thieves
转自http://www..com/s?tn=sitehao123&bs=%B9%D8%D3%DA%D1%A7%CF%B0%B5%C4%D3%A2%CE%C4%B9%CA%CA%C2&f=8&wd=%C6%DF%C4%EA%BC%B6%CF%C2%D3%A2%D3%EF%D3%EF%B7%A8%B9%E9%C4%C9

D. 前端开发的基本方法

CSS部分

盒子边倾斜

clip-path: polygon(12% 0, 100% 0, 100% 100%, 0 100%);

禁止点击事件/鼠标事件“穿透”

div * { pointer-events: none; /*链接啊，点击事件啊，都没有效果了*/ }

用来控制元素在移动设备上使用滚动回弹效果

.main{
-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
}

可解决在IOS中使用overflow:auto 形成的滚动条，滚动不流畅的情况

文字渐变效果

.text-gradient{ background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, deeppink, deepskyblue);
-webkit-background-clip: text; color: transparent;
}

css三角形

#triangle-up { width: 0; height: 0; border-left: 50px solid transparent; border-right: 50px solid transparent; border-bottom: 100px solid red;

}

实现圆弧

clip-path: ellipse(80%60% at50%40%);

JS部分

JavaScript中检测数组的方法

(1)、typeof操作符

这种方法对一些常用的类型检查没有问题，但对array和null 都判断为object
(2)、instanceof操作符

这个操作符是检测对象的原型链是否指向构造函数的prototype对象的
(3)、对象的constructor属性

const arr = []

console.log(arr.constructor === Array) // true

(4)、Object.prototype.toString

constarr=[]console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(arr)==='[objectArray]')//true

(5)、Array.isArray()

常用的字符串操作

字符串转化toString()
字符串分隔split()
字符串替换replace()
获取长度length
查询子字符串 indexOf
返回指定位置的字符串或字符串编码 charAt charCodeAt
字符串匹配 match
字符串拼接concat
字符串的切割或提取slice() substring() substr()
字符串大小写转化 toLowerCase toUpperCase
字符串去空格 trim() 用来删除字符串前后的空格

其中第9中三者的区别如下：
（1）slice(), 参数可以是负数，负数表示从字符串最后一个位置开始切割到对应结束位置
（2）substring()，参数不可为负数，切割第一个位置到第二个位置的字符串
（3）substr()，参数可以是负数，第一个参数是开始位置，第二个参数为切割的长度
字符串去重

const str = '11122223333'const uniqueStr = [...new Set(str)].join('')

常用的数组操作

1、Array.map()
此方法是将数组中的每个元素调用一个提供的函数，结果作为一个新的数组返回，并没有改变原来的数组
2、Array.forEach()
此方法是将数组中的每个元素执行传进提供的函数，没有返回值，注意和map方法区分
3、Array.filter()
此方法是将满足条件的元素作为一个新数组返回
4、Array.every()
此方法将数组所有元素进行判断返回一个布尔值，如果所有元素都符合判断条件，则返回true，否则返回false
5、Array.some()
此方法将数组所有元素进行判断返回一个布尔值,如果有一个元素满足判断条件，则返回true，所有元素都不满足则返回false
6、Array.rece()
此方法为所有元素调用返回函数
7、Array.push()
在数组最后面添加新元素
8、Array.shift()
删除数组第一个元素
9、Array.pop()
删除数组最后一个元素
10、Array.unshift()
在数组最前面增加元素
11、Array.isArray()
判断是否为一个数组
12、Array.concat()
数组拼接
13、Array.toString()
数组转化为字符串
14、Array.join()
数组转化为字符串，并用第一个参数作为连接符
15、Array.splice(开始位置，删除个数，元素)
其中rece使用方法为：

arr.rece(callback,[initialValue])

跳过第一个索引。如果提供initialValue，从索引0开始。

callback （执行数组中每个值的函数，包含四个参数）
1、previousValue （上一次调用回调返回的值，或者是提供的初始值（initialValue））
2、currentValue （数组中当前被处理的元素）
3、index （当前元素在数组中的索引）
4、array （调用 rece 的数组） initialValue （作为第一次调用 callback 的第一个参数。）
如果没有提供initialValue，rece 会从索引1的地方开始执行 callback 方法，

数组去重：

const arr = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]const uniqueArr = [...new Set(arr)]

常用对象方法

1、Object.assign()
用于克隆，两个参数，将第二个对象分配到第一个中
2、Object.is()
用于判断两个值是否相同
//注意，该函数与==运算符不同，不会强制转换任何类型，应该更加类似于===，但值得注意的是它会将+0和-0视作不同值
3、Object.keys()
用于返回对象可枚举的属性和方法的名称，返回一个属性或方法名称的字符串数组。
4、Object.defineProperty()
劫持变量的set和get方法,将属性添加到对象，或修改现有属性的特性

var a = {};Object.defineProperty(a, 'name', { value : 'kong', enumerable : true //该属性是否可枚举})

5、Object.defineProperties()
可添加多个属性,与Object.defineProperty()对应,
6、isPrototypeOf

function a(){}

var b = new a();console.log(a.prototype.isPrototypeOf(b));//true

安卓监听可视区域变化，让输入框移动至可视区域

if (/Android/gi.test(navigator.userAgent)) { window.addEventListener('resize', function () { if (document.activeElement.tagName === 'INPUT' || document.activeElement.tagName === 'TEXTAREA') { window.setTimeout(function () { document.activeElement.scrollIntoViewIfNeeded();

}, 0);

}

});

};

vue中平滑滚动到某个位置

this.$refs.rule.scrollIntoView({ block: 'start', behavior: 'smooth' })

向URL追加参数

* 向URL追加参数

* @function stringifyUrlArgs

* @param {string} url - URL路径

* @param {object} params - 参数对象

* @return {string}

const stringifyUrlArgs = (url, params) => {

url += (/?/).test(url) ? '&' : '?'

url += Object.keys(params).map(key => `${key}=${params[key]}`).join('&') return url

}

解析URL参数

* 解析URL参数

* @function parseUrlArgs

* @param {string} url - 字符串

* @return {object}export const parseUrlArgs = url => { const arr = url.match(/([^?=&]+)(=([^&]*))/g) || [] const args = arr.rece((a, v) => {

a[v.slice(0, v.indexOf('='))] = v.slice(v.indexOf('=') + 1) return a

}, {}) return args

}

好用的JavaSrcipt库与模块（包）

日期时间处理库

1、monent.js
2、day.js
day相对于monent要轻量许多

高精度数学运算

number-precision

NP.strip(num) // strip a number to nearest right numberNP.plus(num1, num2, num3, ...) // addition, num + num2 + num3, two numbers is required at least.NP.minus(num1, num2, num3, ...) // subtraction, num1 - num2 - num3NP.times(num1, num2, num3, ...) // multiplication, num1 * num2 * num3NP.divide(num1, num2, num3, ...) // division, num1 / num2 / num3NP.round(num, ratio) // round a number based on ratio

实用工具库

Lodash
lodash 是一个 JavaScript 实用工具库，提供一致性，及模块化、性能和配件等功能。
Lodash 消除了处理数组的麻烦，从而简化了 JavaScript、数字、对象、字符串等

E. web前端工程师面试自我介绍_web前端工程师面试自我介绍怎么说

自我介绍，就是自己将自己介绍给他人或众人的一种介绍方式。那么web前端工程师面试时自我介绍应该怎么说？以下是我为您整理的web前端工程师面试自我介绍内容，希望能帮到你。

web前端工程师面试自我介绍第一篇

我喜欢篮球和乒乓球，曾担任大学校篮球队队员。在篮球队中深刻体会到在大家共同努力下击败对手的成就感!

对于计算机有着狂热的喜爱，虽掌握软件众多，但对编程情有独钟!在每一次解决了问题后都有一种成就感!我喜欢这种感觉，让我能沉迷于我的代码的世界中!

爱好程序设计，喜欢开发自已的小型产品，追求技术上的满足感;稳固的架构，健壮的代码，团结的合作，是我的不懈追求。

有良好的编程习惯，以及程序错误控制和解决能力，我爱程序员这个岗位，当每天敲着代码，听着音乐，是很快乐的

用心工作，用心生活!我可能不是最好的，最合适的，我觉得我是最有潜力的!2016,一起加油!

web前端工程师面试自我介绍第二篇（英文）

good morning, my name is jack, it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview, i would like to answer whatever you may raise, and i hope i can make a good performance today, eventually enroll in this prestigious university in september. now i will introce myself briefly,i am 21 years old,born in heilongjiang province ,northeast of china,and i am curruently a senior student at beijing xx uni.my major is packaging engineering.and i will receive my bachelor degree after my graation in june.in the past 4 years,i spend most of my time on study,i have passed cet4/6 with an ease. and i have acquired basic knowledge

of packaging and publishing both in theory and in practice. besides, i have attend several packaging exhibition hold in beijing, this is our advantage study here, i have taken a tour to some big factory and company. through these i have a deeply understanding of domestic packaging instry. compared to developed countries such as us, unfortunately, although we have made extraordinary progress since 1978,our packaging instry are still underdeveloped, mess, unstable, the situation of employees in this field are awkard. but i have full confidence in a bright future if only our economy can keep the growth pace still. i guess you maybe interested in the reason itch to law, and what is my plan ring graate study life, i would like to tell you that pursue law is one of my lifelong goal,i like my major packaging and i won't give up,if i can pursue my master degree here i will combine law with my former ecation. i will work hard in thesefields ,patent ,trademark, right, on the base of my years study in department of p&p, my character? i cannot describe it well, but i know i am optimistic and confident. sometimes i prefer to stay alone, reading, listening to music, but i am not lonely, i like to chat with my classmates, almost talk everything ,my favorite pastime is valleyball,playing cards or surf online. through college life,i learn how to balance between study and entertainment. by the way, i was a actor of our amazing drama club. i had a few glorious memory on stage. that is my pride.

web前端工程师面试自我介绍第三篇（英文）

my name is zhao wanjun. wanjun is my given name. wan means sweet and jun means person, so my name means a sweet-tempered girl. i actually am! but you can call me june, for your convenience, j-u-n-e, IT's similar to my chinese name jun. i am from enping, a small cITy in the southwest of guangdong province, near hongkong and macao. maybe you have never been there before, IT's well known for the hot springs there.

in 2014, i got the highest score in the college entrance examinations in my cITy and entered zhongshan universITy. my major is computer science. my gpa ranks in the top 40% among all students, but i have stronger c++ programming skills than many others. also, i was the first one to learn java in my class.

i was chosen by a teacher of mine to participate in his project. the project was about a lan chat room, and i developed the instant messaging system in IT. i was the only female student in this project team.

besides study and the project, i worked in the student union for two years, first year as a member, next year promoted to be the general secretary. my colleagues describe me as a reliable and considerate person.

ibm is top on my job hunting list for of the reasons you hear every day. i look forward to joining a famous company as IT means good training, good pay, and good people to work wITh, just like you gentlemen!

technical support engineer is my ideal job because i have both a technical background and the abilITy to deal wITh clients. also, traveling isn’t a problem although i am a woman.

>>>下一页更多精彩“求职自我介绍”

F. 七年级下册英语语法归纳

G. in front of和in the front of和at the front of的区别

1、in front of 与 in the front of 用法不同，前者表示“在……前面”，指范围之外的前面，后者表示“在……的前部”，指范围之内的前部。比较：

There’s a bus stop in front of the school. 学校前面有个公共汽车站。（范围之外）

I prefer to travel in the front of the car. 我喜欢坐在汽车的前面。（范围之内）

2、而 at the front of 的用法比较广，它不仅兼有以上两个短语的意思和用法，而且还有其他一些用法。如：

We’ll try to get seats at the front of the hall. 我们要设法弄到大厅前面的座位。（范围之内）

At the front of the book is a table of contents, giving details of what is in the book. 书的前部有目录，详列了书中的内容。（范围之内）

He planted some trees at the front of the house. 他在房子前面种了些树。（范围之外）

(7)athad前端扩展阅读：

英语（English）是印欧语系-日耳曼语族下的语言，由26个字母组合而成，英文字母渊源于拉丁字母，拉丁字母渊源于希腊字母，而希腊字母则是由腓尼基字母演变而来的。

in front of 在…前面，一般在某个东西的外面如：

There is a tree in front of the house.房子前面有一棵树。

在...（范围外）的前面

There is a tree in front of the classroom.

He sits in front of me.他坐在我前面。

in the front of 在…前部(在某范围以内) 强调在某个东西的内部

如：There is a big desk in the front of the classroom. It's for the teacher.

在...（范围内）的前面

There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom

参考资料：

网络-英语

H. 前端项目构建打包出现的错误

运行 npm run dev 报错

Invalid configuration object. Webpack has been initialised using a configuration object that does not match the API schema.

- configuration.mode should be one of these:

"development" | "proction" | "none"

-> Enable proction optimizations or development hints.

npm ERR! code ELIFECYCLE

npm ERR! errno 1

npm ERR! [email protected] dev: `webpack`

npm ERR! Exit status 1

npm ERR!

npm ERR! Failed at the [email protected] dev script.

npm ERR! This is probably not a problem with npm. There is likely additional logging output above.

npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in:

解决方法

I. 初一(下)英语语法,短语,句型总结

七年级下册英语语法点总结(1)
分类：英语学习
Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?
一．短语：
1 ．be from = come from 来自于----
2． live in 居住在---
3． on weekends 在周末
4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人
5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国
6．pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目
7．the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约
8．speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎
9．go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动
二．重点句式：
1 Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little French.
6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon?
8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French
2 France------ French------French
3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese
4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English
6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish

Unit 2 Where’s the post office?
一． Asking ways: (问路)
1． Where is (the nearest) ……？（最近的）……在哪里？
2． Can you tell me the way to ……？你能告诉我去……的路吗？
3． How can I get to ……？我怎样到达……呢？
4． Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有……吗？
5． Which is the way to ……？哪条是去……的路？
二．Showing the ways: （指路）
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。
3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。
5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。（You’d better+动词原形）
三．词组
1. across from …… 在……的对面 across from the bank 在银行的对面
2. next to…… 紧靠…… next to the supermarket 紧靠超市
3. between……and…… 在……和……之间
between the park and the zoo 在公园和动物园之间
among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间
4. in front of…… 在……前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.
课室前面有棵树。
in the front of…… 在……（内）的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
课室内的前部有张桌子。
5. behind…… 在……后面 behind my house 在我家后面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right of…… 在某物的左/右边 on the left of our school 在我们学校的左边
on one’s left/right 在某人的左/右边 on my left 在我左边
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /along…… 沿着……（街道） down/along Center Street 沿着中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近
10 welcome to…… 欢迎来到……
11. take /have a walk 散步
12. the beginning of…… ……的开始,前端
at the beginning of…… 在……的开始,前端
in the beginning 起初，一开始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心，过得愉快
我昨天玩得很开心。 I had fun yesterday.
I had a good time yesterday.
I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快
15. take a taxi 坐出租车
16. 到达：get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到这/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17．go across 从物体表面横过 go across the street 横过马路
go through 从空间穿过 go through the forest 穿过树林
18．on + 街道的名称。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三．重难点解析
1．enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣，喜爱做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。
到目前为止，我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy，都是要带 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我扫完了这间屋子。
2．hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。
hope +从句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。
（从句即是一个小句子，这个小句子又放在大句子中，从属于大句子，所以叫从句。如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句，它又放在I hope 的后面，形成句中有句。）
3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱，我就会去月球。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.
如果你饿了的话，你可以在超市买一些食物。
四．本单元的反义词、近义词配对
1new—old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big---- small

Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
一．重点词组
eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute
play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals
at night in the day every day ring the day
二. 交际用语
1. Why do you like pandas? Because they’re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because they’re kind of interesting.
3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.
4. What other animals do you like?
I like dogs, too.
Why?
Because they’re friendly and clever.
5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.
6. She’s very shy.
7. He is from Australia.
8．He sleeps ring the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
9．He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
10．Let’s see the pandas first.
11．They’re kind of interesting.
12．What other animals do you like?
13．Why do you want to see the lions?
三. 重点难点释义
1、kind of 有点，稍微
Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有点害羞。
kind 还有“种类”的意思
如：各种各样的 all kinds of
We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2、China n. 中国 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是专有名词，首字母都应该大写，而且和介词in连用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China.
There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的，和蔼可亲的
它是名词friend的形容词形式，常常和be动词连用, be friendly。
The people in Cheng are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟，同，和…在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意区别与and的用法，and通常用于连接主语或宾语，连接主语时，
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之后，如：
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with “和…一起玩耍”“玩…”
I often play with my pet dog.
Don’t play with water!
5、day和night 是一对反义词，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。
通常说in the day, ring the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep ring the day and eat leaves at night.
6、leaf n. 叶子
复数形式为：leaves, 类似的变化还有：wife—wives, wolf—wolves,
knife—knives等。
7、hour n. 小时；点钟
hour前边通常加上冠词an 表示“一个小时”，即：an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 来自…
be from = come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. （食用的）肉，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修
饰，即：much meat
He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰，即：much grass。
There is much grass on the playground.
四. 语法知识
特殊疑问句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“how old”、“how many”等开头，对某一具体问题进行提问。
特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况：
1. 疑问句+一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如：
What’s your grandfather’s telephone number? 你爷爷的电话号码是多少？
Who is that boy with big eyes? 那个大眼睛的男孩是谁？
Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节？
When is he going to play the piano? 他什么时候弹钢琴？
Where does he live? 他住在哪儿？
How are you? 你好吗？
How old are you? 你多大了？
How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有几个兄弟姐妹？
2. 疑问句+陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如：
Who is on ty today?
今天谁值日？
Which man is your teacher?
哪位男士是你的老师？
我们学过的What/How about+名词/代词+其他？也是特殊疑问句，它是一种省略结构。
例如：
I like English. What/How about you? 我喜欢英语。你呢？
What about playing basketball? 打篮球怎么样？

Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一．短语：
1 want to do sth 想要作某事
2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物 / 把某物给某人
3 help sb do sth 帮助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
4 help sb with sth 帮助某人谋事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
5 in the day 在白天
6 at night 在晚上
7 talk with/ to sb 和----谈话
8 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.
9 in a hospital 在医院l
10 work/ study hard 努力工作
11 Evening Newspaper 晚报
二．重点句式及注意事项：
1 询问职业的特殊疑问词是what；有三种主要句式
① What + is / are + sb?
② What + does/ do + sb + do?
③ What + is/ are + 名词所有格/ 形容词性物主代词 + job?
2 People give me their money or get their money from me.
3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.
4 I like talking to people.
5 I work late. I’m very busy when people go out to dinners.
6 Where does your sister work?
7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.
8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.
9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?
10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.
三．本单元中的名词复数。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----thieves

J. cvt变速箱和at变速箱哪个可靠耐用

没有完美的变速箱，cvt和at原则上走了两条完全不同的路！但是，从可靠性和耐久性的角度来看，at仍然被认为是最好和最稳定的，cvt在特殊速度范围内具有更好的燃油经济性。当然，从制造成本来看，cvt远胜于at，这一点可以从cvt在过分强调成本的日系车中被广泛使用这一事实中体现出来。
cvt变速箱的原理
从简单的结构来看，cvt变速箱可以看作液力变矩器+锥轮和钢带两部分，其中液力变矩器主要起到缓冲动力传递的作用，而锥轮和钢带结构则起到改变传动比的作用。

液力变矩器是一个空充满变速箱油的腔体，主要由泵轮、涡轮、导向轮、单向锁止离合器等组成。其中，泵轮与发动机的输出轴连接并与发动机同步转动，涡轮与变速箱的输入轴连接，导向轮位于泵轮和涡轮之间。发动机的旋转带动泵轮高速旋转，在离心力的作用下，变速箱油搅动涡轮高速旋转，变速箱油带动涡轮被动旋转，实现动力传递。导向轮的作用是将变速箱油的旋转方向导向涡轮叶片，从而增加扭矩。

液力变矩器泵轮与涡轮耦合时，转速趋于同步。此时单向锁止离合器被锁住，发动机和变速箱通过刚性连接直接传递动力。此时汽车速度稳定，动力传递相对稳定，传递损耗最小。

cvt变速箱后段为锥轮钢带(链)结构。这种结构的原理很简单。当动力传递到cvt变速箱后段，即锥轮和钢带(链)结构时，液压系统控制主动锥轮和从动锥轮改变内径和传动比。
cvt变速箱的油耗
Cvt变速器利用摩擦传递动力，传动效率相对较低，只有78%左右。由于变矩器启停时单向锁止离合器会分离，动力传递效率更低。但由于cvt天生没有物理挡位，在改变传动比的过程中发动机转速波动很小，发动机始终可以工作在最佳燃烧效率转速区间，从而降低了油耗。此外，当cvt改变传动比时，动力不会一直中断，这也将降低油耗。当然，cvt只是在一定转速下相对省油，当cvt变速箱的传动比达到最高(最大模拟档位)时，油耗并不低，因为pcm需要控制油压来保持相对较高的压力，以保持动力传动在超高速下不打滑，此时传动摩擦损失大，油耗高。

cvt的耐用度

很多人对cvt的耐久性持怀疑态度。事实上，没有证据证明cvt的耐久性差。目前cvt的装车量已经远远超过了1000万台，在路上跑几十万公里的雅阁依然很常见。丰田打算用cvt取代下一代普拉多。你认为这种想法是开放的吗？在结构上，液力变矩器可以形成一道天然屏障，防止瞬时大扭矩传递到变速箱后部。由于液力变矩器最初是由变速箱油传递的，发动机的动力只有经过“缓冲”后才能传递，因此可以防止瞬间的大扭矩传递破坏锥轮与钢带之间的“静摩擦力”，从而避免打滑。但液力变矩器单向锁止离合器锁止后，速度稳定。但由于cvt变速箱使用的传动油会增加摩擦，所以现代cvt整体上不存在所谓的打滑。只要发生打滑，液压控制肯定有问题。虽然cvt是用摩擦来传递动力，但这种摩擦是“静摩擦”，在耐用性上没有问题。
日系为什么青睐cvt？
总的来说还是成本和利润。cvt结构简单，只有200个备件，而at随着档位的增加需要500多个备件和300个双离合器。备件数量少，可显着减少生产工序，降低生产成本，增加利润。
at变速箱的原理
At变速箱和cvt变速箱有着相似的结构，也就是说，它们都有液力变矩器。在结构上，at变速箱可以分为两部分:液力变矩器+行星齿轮组，其中液力变矩器在缓冲和传动方面起到与cvt变速箱相同的作用。

at变速箱后段采用串联行星齿轮组。通常，随着齿轮数量的增加，串联的行星齿轮组的数量也会增加。理论上，一组行星齿轮可以实现两个速比，两组可以实现四个速比，三组可以实现八个速比，四组可以实现十六个速比。但是考虑到齿轮速比的有效性，这些速比不能全部有效利用，必须有怠速。变速箱的tcu用不同的电控控制多片离合器的压紧，控制行星齿轮组的行星架和齿圈的自由度，达到改变传动比的目的。

在结构上，变速箱中必须有一个固定的物理齿轮。换挡时，发动机转速会明显波动。此外，物理档位还会限制发动机在最佳效率转速范围内工作。这时，为了保持发动机的输出功率，发动机只能通过多次喷油来实现，从而增加了油耗。但是随着变速箱技术的进步，随着AT变速箱档位的增加，档位之间的速度差会逐渐减小。换挡波动越来越小，越来越接近cvt的无限挡。此外，由于at采用机械齿轮传动，传动效率远高于cvt。因此，目前的8at理论上可以达到与cvt相当的油耗。当然，考虑到价格因素，at变速箱，尤其是高端at变速箱，还是不能完全普及。

at变速箱的耐用度

从结构原理来看，at变速箱前端由液力变矩器保护，后端由机械齿轮传动，所以理论上磨损很小。因此，相对来说，at变速箱的使用寿命仍然是世界三大自动变速箱中最高的。当然，并不是所有at的故障率和耐用性都很好。因为at变速箱不可避免地使用多离合器来控制行星齿轮组的自由度，如果阀体堵塞，导致液压系统出现问题，多离合器就会锁死不良，此时也会出现严重的磨损。

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